Memory loss can happen for many reasons, and some causes are temporary while others are permanent or get worse over time. If someone has memory problems or is having trouble thinking, doctors will consider several conditions, such as:
  • Normal aging
  • Medication side effect, such as anticholinergics, opiates
  • Head injury/Traumatic brain injury
  • Stress and anxiety
  • Alcohol and drug use
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Nutritional deficiencies, such as Vitamin B12, folic acid, or thiamine
  • Hearing and vision loss
  • Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus
  • Brain tumors
  • Recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections
  • Chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS
  • Stroke
  • Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy Body disease

For what is normal, what is treatable and what to do, read our guide to memory loss.

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